Benchmarking of T cell receptor repertoire profiling methods reveals large systematic biases

Pierre Barennes 1,2, Valentin Quiniou 1,2, Mikhail Shugay 3,4,5, Evgeniy S Egorov 4, Alexey N Davydov 6, Dmitriy M Chudakov 3,4,5,6, Imran Uddin 7, Mazlina Ismail 7, Theres Oakes 7, Benny Chain 7, Anne Eugster 8, Karl Kashofer 9, Peter P Rainer 10,11, Samuel Darko 12, Amy Ransier 12, Daniel C Douek 12, David Klatzmann 1,2, Encarnita Mariotti-Ferrandiz 13,14; 1 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France. 2 AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (i2B), Paris, France. 3 Center of Life Sciences, Skoltech, Moscow, Russia. 4 Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia. 5 Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia. 6 Adaptive Immunity Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czechia. 7 Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK. 8 DFG-Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 9 Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. 10 Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. 11 BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria. 12 Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. 13 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France. encarnita.mariotti@sorbonne-universite.fr. 14 AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (i2B), Paris, France. encarnita.mariotti@sorbonne-universite.fr.