Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 immunotherapy promotes a survival benefit with intratumoral and systemic immune responses in recurrent glioblastoma

Cloughesy TF1,2,3, Mochizuki AY4, Orpilla JR5, Hugo W6, Lee AH7,5, Davidson TB8,4, Wang AC5, Ellingson BM8,9, Rytlewski JA10, Sanders CM10, Kawaguchi ES11, Du L11, Li G8,11, Yong WH12, Gaffey SC13, Cohen AL14, Mellinghoff IK15, Lee EQ13, Reardon DA13, O'Brien BJ16, Butowski NA17, Nghiemphu PL18, Clarke JL17, Arrillaga-Romany IC19, Colman H14, Kaley TJ15, de Groot JF16, Liau LM8,5, Wen PY13, Prins RM20,21,22,23. 1 Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. tcloughesy@mednet.ucla.edu. 2 Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. tcloughesy@mednet.ucla.edu. 3 Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. tcloughesy@mednet.ucla.edu. 4 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 5 Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 6 Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 7 Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 8 Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 9 Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 10 Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA. 11 Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 12 Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 13 Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. 14 Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. 15 Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. 16 Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. 17 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 18 Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 19 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA. 20 Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. rprins@mednet.ucla.edu. 21 Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. rprins@mednet.ucla.edu. 22 Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. rprins@mednet.ucla.edu. 23 Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA. rprins@mednet.ucla.edu.